Explain the types of errors that can occur with blood gas analysis. Understanding and use of blood gas analysis enables providers to interpret respiratory, circulatory and metabolic disorders. Classification and interpretation of blood gas values are based on a set of normal values, such as the ones shown in table 63. It explains each component in turn followed by clinical examples to work through. It is possible to have a mixed respiratory and metabolic disorder that makes interpretation of an arterial blood gas result difficult. In addition, they provide a vital insight into a patients status that will ultimately influence how a case is. Patients are often required to be checked for arterial blood gas analysis to find what exactly is happening in the body of patients system. An acid is a hydrogen ion donor a base is a hydrogen ion acceptor the acids produced by metabolism have to be either buffered or excreted to maintain blood ph within normal parameters. The acidbase balance is maintained by the respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal systems. The present article aims to simplify arterial blood gas analysis for a rapid and easy bedside interpretation. Arterial blood gases you are a new staff member working in the emergency department ed during your induction you are introduced to the practical workings of the point of care arterial blood gas abg machine in the ed. Arterial blood gas analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acidbase balance. Interpretation of arterial blood gases is an essence of critical care.
This lesson goes through a few blood gases and their interpretation. Analysis of blood gas can be a daunting task, but it is still one of the most helpful laboratory tests in managing respiratory and metabolic disorders. This page describes the interpretation of the acidbase component of blood gas results. We searched medline, cinahl, and cochrane library database for articles published between january 1990 and december 2012. There are frequently several questions on boards that will involve blood gas interpretation. Overview of thediscussion basics of acidbase balance. Weve created this guide, which aims to provide a structured approach to abg interpretation whilst also increasing your understanding of each results relevance. Pramod sood, gunchan paul, and sandeep puri 1 author. Blood gases medical tests ucsf benioff childrens hospital.
The author has established these learning objectives for the presentation. It also has some applications in general practice, such as assessing the need for domiciliary oxygen therapy in. It provides us with information about ventilation, oxygenation. The body, under normal circumstances, is able to maintain a balance between the acids produced as part of metabolism and the bases that are.
For example, they are used to guide the adjustment of ventilator parameters on. Interpretation of thearterial blood gas analysis dm seminar dr. Website to use for online analysis of blood gas values. Pdf version of a society for critical care medicine sccm lecture on arterial blood gas analysis opens in a new window. These notes have been extracted from the abg presentation. Interpreting an arterial blood gas abg is a crucial skill for physicians, nurses, respiratory. Designing the interactive acidbase diagram necessitated the development of a logical approach. Arterial blood gas interpretation abg arterial blood gas analysis is used to measure the partial pressures of oxygen pao2, carbon dioxide paco2, and the ph of an arterial blood sample. As you struggle to listen to the machine company representative talking about cleaning the machine. A normal intracellular ph is required for the functioning of many enzyme systems. Abou mehrem, md assistant consultant king abdulaziz hospital slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Arterial blood gas abg analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acidbase balance. Body will not overcompensate when it comes to acidbase balance so. Analysis of blood gases is widely used for patients with many different conditions from surgical, medical and intensive care fields.
Although often considered difficult or confusing to interpret due to the abundance of chemistry, with a little practice blood gases become easy and quick to interpret. The process of analysis and monitoring of arterial blood gas abg is an essential part of diagnosing and managing the oxygenation status and acidbase balance of the highrisk patients, as well as in the care of critically ill patients in the. Abg quick interpretation parameter acidosis normal alkalosis reflects ph 7. Abg interpretation a guide to understanding abgs geeky. The body normally controls the ph of blood within a tight range. Based on these crucial points and current global guidelines, members of the wg bgt made joint effort in establishment of recommendations for blood gas testing, covering the preana lytical phase of blood gas testing, sampling. When blood becomes profoundly acidotic ph a comprehensive approach ms barthwal abstract the arterial blood gases is one of the most important investigation for assessment of clinical oxygenation and acidbase status in critically ill patients. If the pascal unit is used for blood pressure measurement, a normal blood pressure of 12080 mmhg would be an unwieldy 1596010640 pa. Based on the siggaardandersen acidbase alignment nomogram, this tool allows you to accurately interpret a neonatal blood gas result in seconds. Interpretation of the arterial blood gas selflearning packet see swift for list of qualifying boards for continuing education hours. Pdf arterial blood gas interpretation researchgate. The operating principles behind sensor technology have largely remained unchanged, even though the size of analyzers and thus of sensors has decreased remarkably. Bloodgas analysis analysis of arterial or venous blood gas can rapidly provide information about the sick, anesthetized or critical patient.
The hydrogen ions are buffered by desaturated hemoglobin, and hco3 is transported out of the eryth rocytes into the plasma figure 63. Arterial blood gas interpretation arterial blood gas interpretation practice presentation summary. The interpretation of arterial blood gases australian. List the indications for obtaining and analyzing arterial blood list the hazards associated with arterial.
This is relevant in febrile or hypothermic patients, so body temperature should be recorded at the time of collection. This has led to underutilization of this simple tool. Therefore doctors around the world have agreed to retain mmhg as the unit of blood pressure measurement. List the types of samples that can be analyzed for blood gas and analyte concentrations. Blood gas analysis is done to determine the acidbase balance in the blood.
Interpretation of arterial blood gas pubmed central pmc. Please purchase the course before starting the lesson. The value of timely and accurate interpretation of blood gas results cannot be questioned. This site contains information on acidbase physiology, common acidbase abnormalities, cases and pearls of arterial blood. Blood gas analysis can give the clinician essential information on the respiratory and metabolic status of a patient. The most important points when assessing a patient are the history, examination and basic observations. In cases where blood gas values do not fall into any of the above classifications, an answer unable to determine will appear when using the interpreter.
Interpretation of the arterial blood gas analysis 1. Normal metabolism results in the production of acids. Knowledge of the basic science behind the subject is essential. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation for medical students, osces and mrcp paces this section presents how to interpret arterial blood gases.
Oxygen content o2ct, oxygen saturation sao2, and bicarbonate hco3 values are also measured. Majority of the oral and maxillofacial surgeons find it difficult to interpret and clinically correlate the arterial blood gas report in their everyday practice. Blood gas and critical care analyte analysis chapter objectives 1. The past, present and future of blood gas and electrolyte testing. The medical plan of care for the neonatal patient includes the frequency of blood gas determination, and it is every care providers responsibility to be cognizant of each blood gas sample drawn on the patient. Aarc clinical practice guideline blood gas analysis and. Handbook of blood gasacidbase interpretation springerlink. Acid base balance why is acid base balance important. Instructors may supply a dryerase pen during blood gas instruction so that students may mark on the nomogram chart, erase and start over. Your doctor may run a blood gas analysis or arterial blood gas abg test if you are showing the signs of an oxygen, carbon dioxide, or ph imbalance such as confusion or difficulty breathing. But it is often encountered that many students dont know how to read abg, and thats why we are providing arterial blood gas.
Disclaimers i work for alere and am a scientific representative for epocal apologies to rts in the audience. The usefulness of this diagnostic tool is dependent. This page converts the logic back into a human process. Todays blood gas sensors are the result of many years of gradual improvements and optimizations. Upon arterial blood gas abg interpretation analysis, you could come to know, 1 oxygenation of blood through gas exchange in the lungs. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation is something many medical students find difficult to grasp weve been there. Blood gases is a measurement of how much oxygen and carbon dioxide is in your blood. Details about i ph ii oxygenation, oxygen saturation, oxygen content, alveolar gas equation, indices of oxygenation iii carbon dioxide transport, pco 2 total co 2 content, and bicarbonate levels iv base excess and buffer base 5. Aarc clinical practice guideline blood gas analysis and hemoximetry 20 michael d davis rrt, brian k walsh rrtnps rpft faarc, steven e sittig rrtnps npt faarc, and ruben d restrepo md rrt faarc mdd adult health and nursing system, virginia commonwealth university, richmond, va. Oxygen content of blood is affected by level and affinity state of hemoglobin. The usefulness of this diagnostic tool is dependent on being able to correctly interpret the results. Body temperature can also affect arterial blood gas tensions. The past, present and future of blood gas and electrolyte.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Laboratory tests interpretation nurses learning network. Arterial blood gas interpretation calculator abg analysis. Typical analytes on a blood gas analyzer and result interpretation. Interpreting an arterial blood gas abg is a crucial skill for physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other health care personnel. It helps for the assessment of clinical oxygenation, ventilation and acidbase status in critically. The following equilibrium equation is crucial to understanding acidbase balance. This table is able to classify most clinical blood gas values but not all. The above two are important to determine if hyper or hypoxaemia is present. University of connecticut acidbase online tutorial. Arterial blood gases play an important role in the workup and management of critically ill patients and patients with a variety of pulmonary complaints and disorders. Interpretation of arterial blood gases abgs david a.
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